Electron cryomicroscopy
- Sample preparation techniques:
- Sample fixation and embedding at room temperature: conventional technique
- Cryofixation: high pressure, impact, propane or ethane immersion
- Cryosubstitution and cryoembedding
- Cryofracture, freeze-drying and deep etching
- Ultramicrotomy: semithin and ultrathin, all types of resins
- Cryosectioning: cryopreparation and cryoslicing
- Vitreous cryosectioning
- Staining and labelling techniques:
- Negative and contrast staining
- Immunolabelling
- In situ hybridization
- Autoradiography
- Observation and analysis techniques:
- Ambient temperature transmission electron microscopy (100 kV-120 kV)
- Electron cryomicroscopy (200 kV FEG)
- Electron tomography and cryotomography (+70º/-70º single axis)
- Three-dimensional reconstruction
- Optical microscopy techniques:
- Paraffin embedding
- Paraffin microtomy
- In situ hybridization
- In situ PCR
- Conventional ultrastructure studies of simple cells and tissues
- Conventional ultrastructure studies of isolated particles, isolated organelles or small organisms
- High ultrastructural preservation of cells, tissues, particle samples and small organisms by means of slicing; various degrees of preservation and visualization
- Study of the organization of intramembrane particles
- Topographic and/or interior nanometric characterization of lipo/lipoprotein compounds, proteins, proteins assemblies, membranes and biomaterials
- Three-dimensional reconstruction of isolated or particle structures
- In situ three-dimensional reconstruction of structures (macromolecules, nanomachines and subcellular bodies) in cell interiors
- Molecular recognition or in situ localization at the subcellular level of proteins, nucleic acids and other macromolecules
- Quantitative studies of measurements or labelling on the nanometric scale
- Basic preparation for transmission optical microscopy
- 3D study of the structure of proteins and macromolecular complexes
- 3D study of cell structures
- Characterization of liposomes, micelles, bicelles and other lipoprotein particles; effect of surfactants; interaction of surfactants with biological material as vehicles for drug delivery
- Study of nanoparticles with peptides, proteins, etc. and their possible entry into tumour cells or through the skin, mucous membranes, haemato-encephalitic barrier, etc.
- Study of functionalized cells or biomolecules on nanostructured substrates
- 3D studies of proteins of pharmacological interest as drug targets
- Characterization of peptide hydrogels
- Ultrastructural study of biological disease models, for example, the malaria parasite infecting the red blood cell or structural changes in tumour cells
- Study of ultrastructural changes in cells caused by drug trials or genetic modifications of different types
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